How does iud look like

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Last updated: April 8, 2026

Quick Answer: An IUD (intrauterine device) is a small T-shaped contraceptive device inserted into the uterus. Most IUDs measure 28-32 mm in width and 30-36 mm in length, with hormonal IUDs like Mirena containing 52 mg of levonorgestrel and copper IUDs like ParaGard having 380 mm² of copper surface area. The device has a monofilament string that extends through the cervix for removal, and it remains effective for 3-10 years depending on the type.

Key Facts

IUDs are 99% effective at preventing pregnancy, making them one of the most reliable contraceptive methods available
Copper IUDs can remain effective for up to 10 years, while hormonal IUDs typically last 3-8 years depending on the specific model
The first modern IUD was developed in 1909 by German physician Richard Richter using silkworm gut
Approximately 14% of contraceptive users worldwide use IUDs, with particularly high usage rates in China (40%) and Norway (23%)
IUD insertion typically takes 5-15 minutes during an office visit and can be performed at any time during the menstrual cycle

Overview

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are small, flexible contraceptive devices inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. The modern history of IUDs began in 1909 when German physician Richard Richter developed the first device using silkworm gut, though it wasn't until the 1960s that IUDs gained widespread medical acceptance. Today, there are two main types: copper IUDs (non-hormonal) and hormonal IUDs (containing progestin). The World Health Organization reports that approximately 159 million women worldwide use IUDs, representing about 14% of all contraceptive users. Usage varies significantly by region, with China having the highest adoption rate at 40% of contraceptive users, followed by Norway at 23%. In the United States, IUD usage has increased dramatically from 2% of contraceptive users in 2002 to 12% in 2019, driven by improved designs and increased awareness of their effectiveness and convenience.

How It Works

IUDs prevent pregnancy through different mechanisms depending on their type. Copper IUDs work primarily by releasing copper ions that create an inflammatory reaction in the uterus that is toxic to sperm, preventing fertilization. The copper also affects the uterine lining, making it less receptive to implantation. Hormonal IUDs release progestin (typically levonorgestrel) which thickens cervical mucus to block sperm entry, thins the uterine lining to prevent implantation, and in some cases suppresses ovulation. Both types are inserted through the cervix into the uterus during a brief office procedure lasting 5-15 minutes. The device has a T-shaped frame made of flexible plastic, with hormonal IUDs containing a reservoir of medication that releases slowly over time. A monofilament string extends from the device through the cervix, allowing for easy removal when desired. The insertion process involves measuring the uterine depth, then using a slender inserter tube to place the folded device into the uterus where it expands to its T-shape.

Why It Matters

IUDs represent a significant advancement in reproductive healthcare by providing highly effective, long-term contraception that requires minimal user maintenance. Their 99% effectiveness rate makes them one of the most reliable contraceptive methods available, reducing unintended pregnancies and associated health risks. The long duration of effectiveness (3-10 years depending on type) provides continuous protection without daily attention, making them particularly valuable for women who want reliable birth control but may struggle with daily pill regimens. Beyond contraception, hormonal IUDs have therapeutic applications for treating heavy menstrual bleeding, endometriosis, and as part of hormone replacement therapy. The accessibility and effectiveness of IUDs contribute to women's reproductive autonomy and family planning goals worldwide, while their reversibility (fertility typically returns quickly after removal) supports flexible family planning decisions.