How to fix

Overview

Fixing things around the house can range from simple tasks like changing a lightbulb to more complex repairs involving plumbing, electrical systems, or appliances. Developing basic repair skills can save money, reduce waste, and provide a sense of accomplishment. This guide covers general principles and common areas of home repair, empowering you to tackle many everyday issues.

Common Household Issues and How to Address Them

Leaky Faucets

A dripping faucet is not only annoying but also wastes significant amounts of water. Most leaks stem from worn-out washers, O-rings, or cartridges. To fix a leaky faucet:

1. Turn off the water supply: Locate the shut-off valves under the sink and turn them clockwise until tight. If there are no valves, you'll need to shut off the main water supply to the house.
2. Disassemble the faucet: Remove the decorative cap and handle screw. Lift off the handle and unscrew the packing nut or bonnet nut.
3. Replace the faulty part: Identify and replace the worn washer, O-ring, or cartridge. You may need to take the old part to a hardware store to find an exact match.
4. Reassemble the faucet: Put everything back together in reverse order.
5. Turn on the water supply: Slowly open the shut-off valves and check for leaks.

Clogged Drains

Clogged sinks, showers, or toilets are a common nuisance. The cause is usually a buildup of hair, soap scum, grease, or foreign objects.

• For minor clogs: Try using a plunger. Ensure a good seal around the drain and plunge vigorously. Boiling water poured down the drain can also help dissolve grease.
• For stubborn clogs: A drain snake (auger) can be effective. Insert the snake into the drain and crank the handle to break up or retrieve the obstruction.
• Chemical drain cleaners: Use these as a last resort, as they can be harsh on pipes and the environment. Always follow the product instructions carefully and ensure good ventilation.
• Professional help: If the clog persists, it might indicate a deeper issue in your plumbing system, requiring a plumber.

Running Toilets

A toilet that constantly runs after flushing wastes water. The most common culprit is a faulty flapper or a worn-out fill valve.

1. Check the flapper: Remove the tank lid. The flapper is the rubber seal at the bottom of the tank. If it's cracked, warped, or doesn't sit flush, replace it.
2. Inspect the fill valve: This is the mechanism that refills the tank. If it's not shutting off properly, water will continue to flow into the overflow tube. Adjust the float or replace the entire fill valve assembly if necessary.
3. Check the chain: Ensure the chain connecting the flush lever to the flapper isn't too long or too short, preventing it from sealing properly.

Basic Electrical Issues

Simple electrical problems, like a tripped circuit breaker or a blown fuse, are often manageable. However, always exercise extreme caution when dealing with electricity.

• Tripped circuit breaker: Locate your home's electrical panel. Find the breaker that is in the 'off' or middle position and flip it firmly to the 'on' position. If it trips again immediately, there may be a short circuit or an overloaded circuit, and you should consult an electrician.
• Blown fuse: If your home has a fuse box, identify the blown fuse (often indicated by a broken filament or discolored glass). Replace it with a fuse of the same amperage rating.
• Outlets and switches: If an outlet or switch stops working, check the circuit breaker first. If the breaker is fine, the outlet or switch itself might be faulty and require replacement. Always turn off the power to the circuit at the breaker before attempting any work on outlets or switches.

Appliance Maintenance and Minor Repairs

Regular maintenance can prevent many appliance issues. For minor repairs, consult the appliance's manual.

• Refrigerator: Clean the condenser coils regularly (usually located at the back or bottom) to improve efficiency. Ensure door seals are tight.
• Washing machine: Check hoses for leaks and wear. Clean the lint filter if applicable. Ensure the machine is level to prevent excessive vibration.
• Dishwasher: Clean the filter at the bottom of the tub. Check spray arms for blockages.

Tools and Materials

Having a basic toolkit is essential for home repairs. This might include:

• Screwdriver set (Phillips and flathead)
• Adjustable wrench
• Pliers (needle-nose and standard)
• Hammer
• Tape measure
• Utility knife
• Plunger
• Drain snake
• Drip pan
• Safety glasses
• Work gloves

For specific repairs, you may need specialized tools or replacement parts, which can be found at hardware stores or online.

When to Call a Professional

While many home repairs are DIY-friendly, some tasks are best left to the experts:

• Major electrical work: Rewiring, panel upgrades, or complex circuit issues.
• Significant plumbing problems: Burst pipes, main line clogs, or sewer line issues.
• Gas appliance repairs: Leaks or malfunctions with gas ovens, furnaces, or water heaters.
• Structural damage: Issues with foundations, walls, or roofing.
• When you are unsure or uncomfortable: Safety should always be the top priority. If a repair seems beyond your skill level or involves significant risk, call a qualified professional.

By understanding these common issues and employing a methodical approach, you can effectively address many household repair needs, keeping your home in good working order.