What Is 28 gauge

Overview

The 28 gauge is a shotgun shell designation referring to the bore size of the firearm. It is one of the smaller shotgun gauges available, second only to the .410 bore in common use. Despite its smaller size, the 28 gauge delivers sufficient power for specific hunting and sporting applications, particularly in close-range scenarios.

Historically, the 28 gauge has been favored by traditionalists and field shooters for its balance of performance and manageability. It is often used in double-barreled shotguns and is a staple in classic English and European gunmaking traditions. Its niche role has grown in popularity among hunters seeking a lightweight, precise option for small game.

• Origin: The 28 gauge emerged in the late 19th century as a specialized option for bird hunting, particularly in the UK and continental Europe.
• Bore diameter: The 28 gauge has a barrel diameter of approximately 0.550 inches, determined by the weight of a lead ball that fits the bore.
• Shell length: Standard 28 gauge shells are 2.5 inches long, though 3-inch versions exist for magnum loads.
• Shot capacity: Typically holds between 3/4 to 7/8 ounces of shot, depending on load and wad design.
• Recoil reduction: Offers 30–40% less recoil than a 12 gauge, making it ideal for younger or recoil-sensitive shooters.

How It Works

The 28 gauge operates on the same basic principles as other shotgun gauges, using a fired primer to ignite gunpowder and propel shot through the barrel. However, its smaller size affects ballistics, range, and practical use in the field.

• Shot spread: The 28 gauge produces a tighter pattern than larger gauges at short to medium ranges, enhancing precision on small targets.
• Effective range: Best suited for shots under 35 yards, beyond which energy and pattern density drop significantly.
• Choke options: Common chokes include Improved Cylinder and Modified, allowing customization for different game types.
• Reloading: Ammunition can be reloaded using standard 28 gauge reloading tools, with components widely available from major suppliers.
• Firearm types: Found primarily in over-and-under and side-by-side double-barrel shotguns, though some pump and semi-auto models exist.
• Popular loads: Common loads include 7½ and 8 shot for birds, with specialty slugs available for small game.

Comparison at a Glance

The following table compares the 28 gauge to other common shotgun gauges by key specifications:

This comparison highlights the 28 gauge’s role as a middle-ground option—more powerful than the .410 but lighter than the 20 and 12 gauge. Its specialized use in upland hunting makes it a favorite among traditionalists and those seeking a refined shooting experience.

Why It Matters

The 28 gauge holds a unique place in the world of shotgunning, balancing tradition, performance, and accessibility. While not as common as larger gauges, it offers distinct advantages in specific scenarios.

• Youth training: Its reduced recoil makes the 28 gauge an excellent choice for introducing young shooters to shotgun sports.
• Upland hunting: Ideal for quail, grouse, and woodcock, where quick handling and moderate range are key.
• Portability: Lightweight firearms chambered in 28 gauge are easier to carry over long distances in the field.
• Traditional appeal: Many classic British shotguns, like those from Holland & Holland, are chambered in 28 gauge.
• Conservation: Lower shot payloads reduce the risk of over-penetration in densely wooded areas.
• Collectibility: Vintage 28 gauge shotguns are highly sought after by firearms collectors and enthusiasts.

As shooting sports evolve, the 28 gauge remains a respected choice for those who value precision, tradition, and manageable recoil. Its continued use in hunting and competition ensures its legacy endures.