What is iui
Last updated: April 1, 2026
Key Facts
- IUI is less invasive and more affordable than in vitro fertilization (IVF)
- Success rates typically range from 5-20% per cycle depending on age and fertility factors
- The procedure is quick, usually taking less than 5 minutes, and performed in a doctor's office
- IUI is often used for low sperm count, low sperm motility, cervical factor infertility, or unexplained infertility
- Most insurance plans cover IUI when medically necessary, making it an accessible first-line fertility treatment
What is Intrauterine Insemination?
Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a medical fertility procedure designed to help couples achieve pregnancy. The treatment involves collecting and concentrating sperm, then placing it directly into the uterus near the time of ovulation to increase the likelihood of fertilization. IUI bridges the gap between natural conception and more invasive assisted reproductive techniques like IVF.
How IUI Works
The IUI procedure begins with sperm preparation, where a semen sample is washed and concentrated to remove seminal fluid and improve sperm quality. The concentrated sample is then inserted through the cervix into the uterus using a thin catheter. This direct placement bypasses potential barriers to natural conception, such as cervical mucus issues or low sperm motility. The entire procedure typically takes 3-5 minutes and causes minimal discomfort.
Who Benefits from IUI
IUI is recommended for various fertility situations including male factor infertility (low sperm count or poor motility), cervical factor infertility (cervical mucus problems), endometriosis, and unexplained infertility. It's also used for couples with religious or personal objections to IVF, and for single women or same-sex couples seeking pregnancy. Women with normal ovulatory function and patent fallopian tubes are ideal candidates.
IUI Success Rates and Timing
Success rates for IUI vary significantly based on age, overall health, and fertility diagnosis. Younger women typically see higher success rates (15-20% per cycle), while rates decline with age. Multiple cycles increase cumulative pregnancy rates; most doctors recommend 3-6 attempts before considering alternative treatments. Timing is critical, with insemination performed around ovulation to maximize fertilization chances.
IUI vs. Other Fertility Treatments
Unlike IVF, which retrieves eggs and fertilizes them outside the body, IUI keeps fertilization within the natural environment. IUI costs significantly less (typically $300-$1,000 per cycle versus $12,000-$15,000 for IVF) and involves no hormone injections or surgical procedures. However, IVF offers higher success rates and is more effective for severe male factor or tubal factor infertility.
Related Questions
What is the difference between IUI and IVF?
IUI places sperm directly into the uterus for natural fertilization, while IVF fertilizes eggs outside the body. IVF has higher success rates but is more expensive and invasive.
How many IUI cycles should I try?
Most fertility specialists recommend attempting 3-6 IUI cycles before moving to alternative treatments, though this varies based on individual circumstances and age.
Does IUI hurt?
IUI is minimally painful, typically causing mild cramping similar to period discomfort. Most patients experience no or minimal pain during the procedure itself.