What is scabies

Overview

Scabies is a parasitic skin infection caused by the microscopic mite Sarcoptes scabiei. These tiny mites burrow into the uppermost layer of human skin to feed and reproduce, causing an intensely itchy rash. The condition is highly contagious and spreads rapidly through direct skin-to-skin contact, making it common in crowded environments such as schools, nursing homes, and military barracks.

Symptoms and Signs

The primary symptom of scabies is intense itching, particularly at night and after hot showers when skin temperature increases. Other symptoms include:

• Small red or pink rashes and bumps on the skin
• Visible burrow tracks, typically appearing as thin lines on fingers, wrists, and between toes
• Crusted or scaly patches of skin
• Secondary skin infections from scratching

Transmission and Risk Factors

Scabies spreads primarily through prolonged direct contact with an infected person's skin. Close family members, sexual partners, and healthcare workers are at higher risk. The mites can survive only 24-36 hours away from human skin, so transmission through bedding or clothing is less common. Immunocompromised individuals and those with poor hygiene may develop more severe infections called crusted scabies.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Doctors diagnose scabies through visual examination and microscopic examination of skin scrapings. Treatment typically involves topical medications applied to the entire body, including prescription-strength permethrin cream or sulfur ointment. All household members and close contacts should be treated simultaneously to prevent reinfection. Treatment is highly effective, with symptoms improving within days, though itching may persist for several weeks.

Prevention and Management

Prevention involves avoiding direct skin contact with infected individuals and maintaining good personal hygiene. Infected individuals should avoid sharing towels, bedding, and clothing. Thorough washing of all contaminated items in hot water and drying at high heat kills the mites.