What is ulcer

Definition and Types

An ulcer is a break in the skin or mucous membrane that fails to heal normally, creating an open sore. Ulcers can develop internally or externally and vary in severity from minor surface wounds to deep tissue damage. The most common types are peptic ulcers, mouth ulcers, and leg ulcers.

Peptic Ulcers

Peptic ulcers occur in the stomach lining (gastric ulcers) or the first part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). The two main causes are infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria and regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen. Symptoms include burning stomach pain, bloating, and in severe cases, bleeding.

Mouth Ulcers

Also called canker sores or aphthous ulcers, these painful lesions appear on the inside of the mouth. They typically develop from accidental cheek biting, sharp foods, stress, or deficiencies in vitamin B12, zinc, or iron. Most resolve within two weeks without treatment.

Leg and Foot Ulcers

These occur due to poor circulation, diabetes, or prolonged pressure on the skin. Venous leg ulcers result from weak blood flow in the legs, while arterial ulcers develop from insufficient oxygen delivery. Diabetic ulcers form due to nerve damage and reduced healing ability.

Treatment and Prevention

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Peptic ulcers are treated with acid-reducing medications, antibiotics for H. pylori, or lifestyle changes. Mouth ulcers typically heal naturally but can be managed with topical medications. Leg ulcers require wound care, compression therapy, or address underlying circulation issues. Prevention includes avoiding NSAIDs, managing stress, maintaining proper nutrition, and controlling chronic conditions like diabetes.