Why do my eyes burn when i cry

Overview

The phenomenon of burning eyes during crying has been observed throughout human history, with early medical texts like the Ebers Papyrus (circa 1550 BCE) noting eye discomfort associated with emotional distress. Scientific investigation into tears began in earnest in the 19th century, with French chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul identifying tear components in 1815. In 1981, biochemist William H. Frey conducted landmark research at the University of Minnesota, discovering that emotional tears contain different biochemical compositions than reflex tears. This research revealed that emotional tears contain higher concentrations of stress-related hormones and proteins, which can irritate ocular tissues. The study of tears, known as lacrimology, has since expanded, with modern research using techniques like mass spectrometry to analyze tear composition. Understanding this phenomenon connects to broader fields like ophthalmology and psychology, highlighting how physiological responses to emotions manifest physically.

How It Works

The burning sensation during crying results from a combination of chemical, mechanical, and physiological factors. Tears are produced by the lacrimal glands and consist of three layers: an outer oily layer from meibomian glands, a middle aqueous layer containing electrolytes and proteins, and an inner mucous layer. Emotional tears, triggered by the limbic system in the brain, have a distinct composition, including elevated levels of stress hormones like adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and leucine enkephalin, which can act as irritants. When crying intensifies, tear production increases dramatically, sometimes exceeding 1.5 milliliters per minute, overwhelming the nasolacrimal ducts that normally drain tears into the nasal cavity. This leads to tear overflow onto the cheeks, where evaporation concentrates salts and proteins, further irritating the corneal epithelium. Additionally, the pH of tears, typically around 7.4, can shift due to emotional stress or environmental factors, causing discomfort. Rubbing the eyes during crying introduces skin oils and bacteria, exacerbating irritation and potentially leading to conditions like blepharitis.

Why It Matters

Understanding why eyes burn when crying has significant implications for both medical and psychological health. Medically, it helps diagnose and treat conditions like dry eye syndrome, where tear composition abnormalities cause chronic discomfort; over 16 million Americans are affected by this condition. Recognizing the role of stress hormones in tears can inform treatments for emotional disorders, as tear analysis might serve as a non-invasive biomarker for stress levels. In ophthalmology, this knowledge aids in developing better artificial tears and lubricants, a market valued at over $3.5 billion globally. Psychologically, it validates the physical impact of emotions, encouraging holistic approaches to mental health. For individuals, awareness can reduce anxiety about the sensation, promoting proper eye care practices, such as avoiding rubbing and using saline rinses, which can prevent secondary infections and improve comfort during emotional episodes.