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Last updated: April 8, 2026

Quick Answer: Yes, adults can get the HPV vaccine. While it's most effective when administered before sexual activity begins, the CDC recommends routine HPV vaccination for all individuals up to age 26. Vaccination is also recommended for adults aged 27-45 who were not adequately vaccinated in their earlier years, based on a shared clinical decision-making process with their healthcare provider.

Key Facts

The HPV vaccine is recommended for everyone through age 26.
Catch-up vaccination is recommended for adults aged 27-45 who are not adequately vaccinated.
The decision to vaccinate older adults should be made in consultation with a healthcare provider.
HPV vaccination helps protect against cancers caused by the Human Papillomavirus.
The vaccine is safe and effective for adults.

Overview

The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a very common group of viruses, with more than 200 related types. Some types of HPV can cause warts, while others can cause cancer. Fortunately, a highly effective vaccine exists to protect against the most common and dangerous strains of HPV. While the vaccine is most impactful when given before exposure to the virus, it remains beneficial for adults to get vaccinated, even if they have been sexually active.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States recommends routine HPV vaccination for everyone up to the age of 26. For adults aged 27 through 45, the decision to vaccinate should be a shared one between the patient and their healthcare provider. This means discussing the potential benefits and risks based on individual circumstances, including past exposure and vaccination history.

How It Works

Protection Against HPV Strains: The HPV vaccine works by introducing the body to harmless versions of the proteins that cover the surface of the HPV virus. This prompts the immune system to produce antibodies, which can then recognize and fight off actual HPV infections if the individual is exposed. The current vaccines protect against the HPV types most likely to cause cancer and genital warts.
Cancer Prevention: The primary benefit of HPV vaccination is its ability to prevent HPV-related cancers. HPV is responsible for a significant proportion of cervical cancers, as well as cancers of the anus, penis, vagina, vulva, and oropharynx (back of the throat). By preventing infection with the high-risk HPV types, the vaccine dramatically reduces the risk of developing these cancers later in life.
Genital Wart Prevention: In addition to cancer prevention, the HPV vaccine also protects against the most common types of HPV that cause genital warts. While genital warts are generally not life-threatening, they can be a source of discomfort, embarrassment, and recurrent infections.
Widespread Availability and Safety: The HPV vaccine has been in use for over a decade and has been extensively studied for its safety and effectiveness. It is administered as a series of injections, typically two or three doses depending on the age at which the vaccination series is started. The vaccine is considered very safe, with mild side effects like soreness at the injection site being the most common.

Key Comparisons

Feature	Routine Vaccination (Ages 9-26)	Shared Clinical Decision-Making (Ages 27-45)
Primary Recommendation	Yes, for all individuals	Yes, for those not adequately vaccinated and based on individual risk assessment
Effectiveness	Highest when administered before sexual activity	Still beneficial, particularly for those with fewer lifetime partners and lower risk of existing infection
Number of Doses	2 or 3 doses, depending on age	Typically 3 doses

Why It Matters

Impact: Globally, HPV causes approximately 630,000 new cancer cases and 330,000 deaths each year, with cervical cancer being the most common HPV-related cancer in women. Vaccination has the potential to significantly reduce these numbers.
Long-Term Health: For adults who were not vaccinated when younger, getting the HPV vaccine can provide crucial protection against future HPV infections and the associated health risks. Even if an adult has had HPV in the past, the vaccine can protect against strains they have not yet been exposed to.
Public Health Benefit: Widespread vaccination contributes to herd immunity, which can reduce the overall circulation of HPV in the population, thereby protecting even those who are not vaccinated. This is particularly important for preventing the spread of oncogenic (cancer-causing) HPV types.

In conclusion, while the ideal time to receive the HPV vaccine is during adolescence, it remains a valuable health intervention for adults. The decision to get vaccinated in adulthood, especially between the ages of 27 and 45, should involve a personalized discussion with a healthcare provider to weigh the individual benefits against potential risks and determine the most appropriate course of action.