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Last updated: April 8, 2026

Quick Answer: Yes, you can absolutely sgraffito with underglaze. This technique involves applying a layer of underglaze to unfired clay (greenware or bisqueware) and then scratching through it to reveal the clay body underneath, creating contrasting patterns and designs. The key is to use an underglaze that is compatible with your clay and firing temperature.

Key Facts

Sgraffito with underglaze allows for detailed and contrasting designs by scratching through applied underglaze layers.
The technique can be applied to both greenware and bisqueware, with slight variations in application.
Underglazes offer a wider range of colors and opacity compared to slips, making them ideal for vibrant sgraffito.
The choice of underglaze and clay body compatibility is crucial for successful firing and preventing defects.
Sgraffito with underglaze provides a durable and decorative surface that can be further enhanced with glazes.

Overview

Sgraffito, a decorative technique dating back centuries, traditionally involves scratching through a layer of plaster or paint to reveal a contrasting color beneath. In the realm of ceramics, this concept has been beautifully adapted using underglazes. Sgraffito with underglaze is a popular method for adding intricate detail and visual depth to pottery, allowing artists to create striking patterns and imagery on their ceramic pieces. The beauty of this technique lies in its versatility, offering a controlled way to reveal the underlying clay body or a different color of underglaze.

The process is fundamentally about subtraction – removing a layer to expose what's underneath. When applied to ceramics, this involves coating a piece of clay, either in its raw (greenware) or fired (bisqueware) state, with a layer of underglaze. Once the underglaze has dried sufficiently, tools are used to carefully scratch away portions of this colored layer. This action reveals the clay body itself, which can be a stark contrast to the underglaze color, or it can expose a previously applied, thinner layer of underglaze, creating a multi-layered effect. The final outcome is a permanent, etched design that becomes an integral part of the ceramic surface.

How It Works

Preparation of the Clay Body: The foundation of sgraffito with underglaze begins with selecting and preparing your clay body. Different clays fire to different colors, and this inherent color will be revealed when the underglaze is scratched away. Ensure your clay is well-wedged and free from air bubbles, as these can cause issues during firing. The surface of the clay should be clean and free from dust.
Application of Underglaze: Underglaze, unlike glazes, is typically unfired colorants mixed with clay. They are applied to the clay body at various stages of dryness. For sgraffito, the underglaze is usually applied to either bone-dry greenware or to bisqueware (clay that has been fired once). Applying to bone-dry greenware requires careful handling as the piece is very fragile. Application to bisqueware offers a more durable surface to work on, but the underglaze may absorb differently. The underglaze should be applied in an even layer, ensuring complete coverage of the area intended for scratching. Multiple thin coats are often preferable to one thick coat to prevent cracking or peeling.
The Scratching Process: Once the underglaze has dried to a leather-hard consistency (if applied to greenware) or is dry to the touch (if applied to bisqueware), the sgraffito can commence. A variety of tools can be used for scratching, including pointed styluses, carving tools, dental picks, sharp knives, or even homemade tools. The pressure applied will determine the depth of the scratch and how much underglaze is removed. Artists can create fine lines, broad strokes, or intricate patterns by varying their tools and pressure. It's important to scratch consistently and deliberately to achieve the desired effect.
Finishing and Firing: After the sgraffito design is complete, the piece is allowed to dry thoroughly before being fired. If the sgraffito was done on greenware, it will be fired to its maturation temperature in a single firing (unless underglaze colors require different firing schedules). If done on bisqueware, the piece will be fired to a lower temperature to mature the clay body, and then the underglaze sgraffito will be applied and fired again, often at a slightly higher temperature to ensure the underglaze is fully vitrified. The choice to apply a clear glaze over the sgraffito is optional but can add a protective sheen and enhance the colors, while unglazed sgraffito offers a more matte and tactile finish.

Key Comparisons

Feature	Sgraffito with Underglaze	Sgraffito with Slip
Color Palette	Offers a vast range of vibrant and opaque colors. Underglazes are designed for consistent color development during firing.	Colors are typically more limited and earthy, derived from natural clays. The color will reflect the fired clay body.
Opacity	Generally opaque, providing good coverage over the underlying clay body. This allows for strong contrast.	Often more translucent, meaning the underlying clay body color may still subtly show through.
Application & Durability	Can be applied to greenware or bisqueware. Provides a durable and less fragile surface for scratching, especially on bisqueware.	Best applied to leather-hard greenware. Can be more prone to cracking or flaking if over-applied or mishandled before firing.
Resulting Texture	Creates clean, sharp lines and detailed patterns. The texture is largely determined by the scratching tool and depth.	Can result in a slightly softer, more textured line, especially if the slip is thicker.
Glaze Interaction	Works well with clear glazes and can be enhanced by colored glazes. The underglaze colors remain true beneath the glaze.	The slip colors can be influenced or altered by the color of the overlying glaze.

Why It Matters

Artistic Versatility: Sgraffito with underglaze opens up a world of creative possibilities for ceramic artists. It allows for the precise rendering of fine details, complex patterns, and illustrative imagery that would be difficult to achieve with other surface decoration techniques. The ability to create stark contrasts between the underglaze and the clay, or to layer colors, adds significant depth and dimension to ceramic work.
Durable Decoration: Unlike painted designs that might chip or fade over time, underglaze is a ceramic material that fuses with the clay body during firing. This means that sgraffito designs created with underglaze are permanent and incredibly durable, able to withstand regular use and cleaning. This makes it an excellent choice for functional ware as well as decorative pieces.
Educational Value: Learning sgraffito with underglaze is a valuable skill for any ceramic enthusiast. It teaches precision, control over materials, and an understanding of how different ceramic components interact during firing. The process encourages patience and careful observation, fostering a deeper appreciation for the craft.

In conclusion, sgraffito with underglaze is a rewarding and accessible ceramic decoration technique that allows for the creation of beautiful, detailed, and lasting designs. Whether you are a beginner exploring new ways to adorn your pottery or an experienced artist looking to refine your decorative repertoire, underglaze sgraffito offers a compelling avenue for artistic expression.